市场情报 作者 Fred Razak

5 分钟

最后更新: Fri Jun 05 2026

Blackstone 限制 BCRED 赎回 鉴于私人信贷赎回潮达 10%

Blackstone 限制 BCRED 赎回 鉴于私人信贷赎回潮达 10%

熔断机制又回来了——这一次 BCRED 基金触发熔断的水平恰好是该产品设计时能够应对的水平,这或许说明了设计本身才是关键。

Blackstone 周四证实,正限制其旗舰基金 Blackstone Private Credit Fund (BCRED)的投资者赎回,将赎回额限制在 5% 的股份 ,此前第二季度的赎回申请激增至 10% 。该上限并非即兴的紧急措施——它是半流动性基金结构中内置的一项合同条款。但当熔断机制实际启动时,在投资者心理层面,“设计功能”和“流动性事件”之间的区别会迅速模糊,正如 Hugh Leask 今天上午 12:40 UTC 在 CNBC 上的报道所述。

时机非常糟糕。Blackstone 的公告发布之际,正值瑞士的 Partners Group 披露将限制其欧洲某私人股本基金的赎回之后,此前周三私人市场股票普遍下跌。Partners Group 随后在周四升级了行动,警告称其已准备好限制更多基金的赎回——并指出赎回浪潮正从私人信贷蔓延到私人股本。这种顺序很重要:48 小前看起来只是孤立的信贷流动性担忧,现在却有了更广泛的迹象。


第一季度已是未被重视的警示信号

BCRED 基金第二季度的赎回激增并非空穴来风。根据 CNBC 的报道 ,第一季度客户赎回申请达到了当时创纪录的 7.9% ,约合 38 亿美元。Blackstone 满足了这些请求。 第一季度 100% 的请求, 提高了其季度上限,并动用了员工资本来弥补短缺。该基金在此期间仍吸引了约 10 亿美元的资金流入 , 但在满足所有赎回请求后,BCRED 在该季度录得净资本流出。

第一季度的应对——即利用公司资源来满足介于投资者希望撤出资金和上限允许之间的全部赎回请求——是一种能赢得好感的举措。但这也设定了一个先例,市场可能将其解读为愿意容忍高企的赎回活动。第二季度的请求,目前为 10%, 甚至高于第一季度的高位。黑石此次维持 5% 的上限,而不是再次提高。

今天上午在 YWO 交易台上, BX 在 CNBC 消息传出之前就已经出现在屏幕上。在周三,该股已因 Partners Group 的消息而下跌约 4% 。到周四盘前交易时,已回升至上涨 1.6% ——部分回升表明,至少目前市场将 BCRED 的限制视为一个已知且已定价的事件,而不是新的冲击。


“特性,而非缺陷”——但投资者用脚投票

“这些产品存在上限的想法,实际上是其特性,而非缺陷。” 黑石总裁 Jon Gray, 3 月份在接受采访时表示。(“CNBC)

Gray 的表述是经过深思熟虑的,而且在技术上是准确的——半流动性 BDC 结构的设计初衷就不是像货币市场基金那样运作。赎回门禁之所以存在,正是因为底层贷款和私人信贷资产无法像公开市场证券那样快速变现。但这种结构无法阻止投资者 的看法 将关闭门禁视为一种信心信号。

结构意图和行为现实之间的这种差距正是风险集中的地方。10% 的季度赎回率意味着在第二季度,BCRED 中约有十分之一的投资者希望退出。根据 CNBC的报道,BCRED 是首批报告第二季度赎回数据的重大半流动性私人信贷工具之一,这意味着该行业尚未有第二季度的同行比较数据。如果未来几周其他非上市公司 BDC 和间隔基金也出现类似数据,那么围绕私人信贷流动性的叙事可能会变得更加严峻。


蔓延至私募股权的路径

Partners Group 的披露增加了一个超越私人信贷的维度。Blackstone 的 BCRED 门禁是一个信贷事件。Partners Group 明确指出其蔓延至私募股权工具在结构上有所不同:私募股权资产的流动性甚至低于私人信贷,通常被锁定数年,而“分配问题”——即公开市场抛售膨胀了机构资产负债表上私人资产的百分比配置——可能会加速赎回压力,而这种压力并非易于通过季度上限来管理。

对于上市的私人市场名称的持有者—— BX以及整个另类资产管理领域的同行——可能重新定价该行业的关键问题不是个别基金是否拥有合规的合同门禁。而是过去几年推动半流动性产品繁荣的零售和机构渠道需求,在首批投资者发现“半流动性”产品在所有市场条件下可能无法提供即时流动性后,这种需求是否仍然完好无损。多资产投资组合中的酌情另类投资敞口可能会面临重新评估,如果赎回浪潮扩大。那些在上市另类资产管理人中拥有集中头寸的投资者,可能希望密切关注该行业第二季度的财报电话会议,以获取分销商情绪转变的早期迹象。

对此的对冲观点是:Blackstone 在第一季度处理创纪录的赎回事件——全部兑现,未披露信贷损失,仍有 10 亿美元的资金流入——表明该工具在没有破裂的情况下吸收了真正的压力。第二季度关闭门禁是系统按文件记录运行,而不是失效。BX 在周四盘前上涨了 1.6%,至少反映了部分信贷。这种复苏能否持续到收盘,部分取决于在周五之前是否有其他主要的私人信贷平台报告类似的第二季度高赎回率数据。


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