大宗商品市场 作者 Fred Razak

5 分钟

最后更新: Fri May 22 2026

油价守住100美元上方,因伊朗-美国谈判受特朗普“几天”警告影响

油价守住100美元上方,因伊朗-美国谈判受特朗普“几天”警告影响

自2月下旬以来,霍尔木兹海峡实际上已关闭,石油价格已反映出每桶100多美元的现实——下一个主要驱动因素 油价 可能不仅仅是实物供应数据 

周四下午伦敦交易时段,布伦特原油期货上涨1.9%,报每桶106.92美元 ,而 WTI期货上涨2.4%,报100.59美元 ——自2月28日美国和以色列对伊朗发动袭击以来,这两份合约均已上涨约45%。此前,据伊朗外交部发言人伊斯梅尔·巴盖里称,伊斯兰共和国已收到华盛顿的最新提议并正在审议中, CNBC的Sam Meredith报道。这比直接拒绝的语气略微软化——市场也随之做出反应。


实际谈判内容以及参与者

据伊朗ISNA通讯社援引 CNBC报道,巴基斯坦陆军参谋长阿西姆·穆尼尔周四将访问德黑兰,继续斡旋华盛顿和德黑兰之间的谈判。巴基斯坦上月主办了前几轮会谈,并已成为书面交流的中心渠道——巴盖里证实,根据伊朗最初的14点框架,已进行了“数轮沟通”。交流仍通过中间人进行,而非直接双边会谈,这表明双方之间可能仍存在重大分歧。

特朗普周三在安德鲁斯联合基地发表的言论并未缩小这种分歧。 “相信我,如果我们得不到正确的答案,事情会很快发生。我们都准备好了,” 特朗普告诉记者。当被问及他会等多久时: “可能几天,但也可能很快。” 第二天早上,他说周二他曾差一点下令袭击,但后来推迟了。这种模式——设定最后期限,推迟最后期限,升级言辞——已经重复了足够多次,以至于市场学会了稍微消化这种威胁,但并未完全忽视它。周四WTI期货2.4%的涨幅表明,市场参与者似乎对积极做空持谨慎态度。

伊朗革命卫队周三的一份声明进一步加剧了紧张局势,威胁称如果美国和以色列的袭击恢复,将把冲突“扩大到该地区以外”。这种针对更广泛升级而非仅仅针对霍尔木兹海峡的言论——是交易员最应该密切关注的句子。一场波及海湾产油国的地区性蔓延,将使本已假设霍尔木兹海峡将保持关闭的供应假设变得复杂化。


45%的涨势存在结构性上限问题

自2月28日以来,布伦特原油和西德州中质原油价格均上涨了45%,这反映了真实的结构性中断:战争前,全球约20%的石油和液化天然气通过霍尔木兹海峡运输, 冲突开始以来,航运量几乎停滞。此举既反映了地缘政治情绪,也反映了实际供应链中断的担忧。阿联酋的绕行管道(另有报道称已接近完工50%)提供了一个未来的部分缓解方案,但目前尚未投入使用,而且“接近完工50%”在本周无法运输原油。

支撑油价的供应面条件依然存在。但价格上涨的风险是真实的:任何可信的降级信号——即使是双方同意继续会谈的联合声明——都可能导致波动性加剧或对当前价格溢价的重新评估。买入2月跌势的交易员正坐享可观的收益,问题在于他们是否会坚持到外交驱动的剧烈波动结束。

美元指数(DXY)是这里不太明显的观察指标。一项真正的和平协议,如果能重新开放霍尔木兹海峡,可能会引发风险偏好回升,美元将回吐其可能积累的地缘政治溢价。反之,军事打击的恢复可能会推高美元,使其成为避险天堂,即使油价创下新高。


看跌理由并非外交——而是需求破坏

在布伦特原油价格为106.92美元,西德州中质原油价格为100.59美元的情况下,需求破坏的计算开始显现。持续的百元油价历史上曾压缩航空公司的运营利润,扩大工业投入成本,并给高能源敞口、尤其是在缺乏国内生产缓冲的进口型经济体中的消费者非必需品类带来压力。

这种压力不会在一天的价格走势中显现;它会在数周高企的原油成本中累积,并最终反馈到可能拖累支撑当前价格的上涨的需求信号中。如果冲突持续到第三季度仍未解决,且亚洲和欧洲的需求数据疲软,供应冲击的买盘可能会与需求收缩的逆风竞争。这种情况可能会挑战当前价格水平的可持续性。

此外,还有特朗普谈判一致性的问题。自2月以来,总统已多次设定并推迟了罢工最后期限。如果德黑兰认为华盛顿的红线是弹性的,那么在其14点框架内做出有意义让步的动力就会减弱——这可能导致僵局无限期延长,使双方陷入“非战非和”的均衡状态,即航运量受抑,但又未能为能源市场提供制定可持续价格所需的清晰需求信号。


值得关注的催化剂

  • 巴基斯坦陆军参谋长阿西姆·穆尼尔访问德黑兰 (2026年5月21日,星期四)——任何联合声明或伊朗正式回应时间表的确认都将是直接的催化剂。沉默本身就是一个数据点。
  • EIA每周石油供应报告 —— EIA 数据将继续反映美国进口和储存数据中霍尔木兹海峡的结构性中断。库存下降幅度扩大可能会延长原油的上涨势头。
  • 特朗普关于伊朗罢工时间表的任何声明 ——鉴于总统本人将之形容为“几天”,任何在周末前公开的评论都将重置布伦特和西德州中质原油曲线的风险溢价。

风险免责声明: 交易差价合约(CFD)涉及重大风险,可能导致您投资的资本损失。差价合约是复杂的工具,由于杠杆作用,存在快速亏损的高风险。您应考虑是否理解差价合约的工作原理,以及您是否能承受损失资金的高风险。过去的表现并不预示未来的结果。本内容仅供参考和教育目的,不构成投资建议。

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