每日市场简报 作者 Fred Razak

6 分钟

最后更新: Wed Jun 17 2026

伊朗和平协议缓解能源通胀担忧,国债收益率走低

伊朗和平协议缓解能源通胀担忧,国债收益率走低

周一,美国国债市场走低,投资者似乎在评估美伊协议潜在的通胀影响。 市场参与者 可能认为能源价格下跌会降低通胀压力,这可能会影响对未来货币政策的预期。 10年期国债收益率下跌超过3个基点至4.447%,而 2年期国债收益率下跌4个基点至4.045% ——这两项变动均由 CNBC的Joseph Wilkins于周一上午5:25 EDT发布。

这并非大幅度的收益率下跌,但本周方向和机制比幅度更重要。该协议——特朗普总统于周日晚间通过社交媒体宣布“现已完成”——伴随着他授权重新开放霍尔木兹海峡。 美国原油周日下跌5% 作为回应。原油价格下跌值得关注,因为能源成本是通胀预期的重要组成部分。如果油价持续走低,一些市场参与者可能会重新评估对未来利率政策的预期。 


短期收益率更能反映真实情况

30年期国债收益率下跌3个基点至4.942% ,但真正起作用的是2年期国债收益率,目前为 4.045% 。2年期国债收益率通常被市场参与者视为对未来货币政策预期敏感的指标。此次变动可能反映了在地缘政治发展之后,投资者对通胀和货币政策预期的改变。

 其机制很简单:霍尔木兹海峡承担了全球大部分原油运输。其关闭——或关闭的威胁——使得石油中嵌入了地缘政治溢价。该溢价会传导至燃料成本、运输和制造业。消除这种威胁,就消除了美联储原本需要应对的一层通胀。债券获得买盘。收益率曲线保持其形态,而不是进一步熊平。

CME的FedWatch工具 将周三会议维持不变的概率推高至98%以上。这本已是市场共识。一些市场参与者可能认为,能源价格下跌是支持维持当前政策设定的一个因素。


沃什的首次新闻发布会是本周的重头戏

正如Landsberg Bennett私人财富管理公司首席信息官Michael Landsberg告诉 CNBC的那样:“鉴于近期通胀有所上升,我们认为周三的联邦基金会议本身在任何货币政策变动方面都将是波澜不惊的。”

Landsberg强调的真正未知数是:“我们将特别关注沃什的首次新闻发布会,试图了解他将成为什么样的沟通者,以及他在新闻发布会上会透露多少细节。”

这种定性是正确的。凯文·沃什于2026年5月22日宣誓就任美联储主席——CNBC发布的白宫东厅照片标志着这一时刻——而周三是他担任此职务的首次会后新闻发布会。市场已经消化了这一决定。但尚未消化其沟通风格。沃什的声誉相对于近期美联储领导层而言偏向鹰派。市场反应可能因沃什主席如何讨论通胀风险以及近期能源价格变动可能带来的影响而异。


油价下跌5%对债券以外的跨资产类别产生影响

原油下跌5%不会仅限于美国国债市场。能源类指数——权重股指数,其中石油行业敞口过大——面临利润压力,因为远期价格被重新定价走低。油价的变化会影响经济各行业的运营成本;其幅度和持续时间取决于初步反应平息后,该变动能维持多久。

美国国债收益率的变化也会影响固定收益投资和持有政府债券的交易所交易产品的表现。然而,对这些产品的影响将取决于收益率的未来走势、货币政策预期以及更广泛的市场状况。

对美元的影响则不那么直接。货币市场受到多种因素的影响,包括利率预期、经济数据、全球风险情绪和资本流动。因此,油价下跌对美元的影响将取决于未来几天和几周内这些更广泛因素的演变情况。


这种解读面临的真正风险是什么

据巴基斯坦总理夏巴兹·谢里夫称,该和平协议被描述为“初步的”,正式签署仪式定于周五在瑞士举行。初步协议可能会破裂。在宣布之前,以色列与伊朗支持的真主党之间的交火——被 CNBC的Wilkins 视为脆弱背景的一部分——表明地区潜在的动态尚未通过社交媒体帖子得到解决。如果签署未能如期进行,或者霍尔木兹海峡的通行权在周五之前再次受到争议,油价可能会出现新的波动,投资者预期也会随之调整。

。两年期国债将回落,而沃什本已艰难的沟通任务将变得更加困难。

此外,根据Landsberg的说法,FOMC在周三面临着数据中“近期通胀有所上升”的情况。一日的油价下跌并不能改变CPI数据。如果沃什的措辞以现有通胀数据为依据,而不是周末的地缘政治发展,市场将解读为鹰派维持现状,短期利率将走低。


本周即将发生的大事

这项和平协议为沃什在首次新闻发布会上提供了一个较为温和的能源背景。市场参与者可能会关注美联储的沟通将如何纳入能源市场和通胀预期的最新发展。 


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