市場情報 作者 Fred Razak

5 分鐘

最後更新: Fri Jun 05 2026

Blackstone 限制 BCRED 贖回額,因私人信貸贖回潮達 10%

Blackstone 限制 BCRED 贖回額,因私人信貸贖回潮達 10%

熔斷機制又回來了——這次 BCRED 基金觸發的水平正好是該產品設計來應對的水平,這或許說明了設計本身才是關鍵。

Blackstone 週四證實,該公司正限制其旗艦基金的投資者贖回。 Blackstone Private Credit Fund (BCRED)在第二季贖回請求飆升至 10% 後,將贖回額限制在 5% 的股份 。該上限並非即興採取的緊急措施——而是該半流動性工具結構中內建的合約功能。但當熔斷機制實際啟動時,在投資者心理上,「設計功能」與「流動性事件」的區別會迅速消失,正如 Hugh Leask 在今晨 UTC 12:40 於 CNBC 報導的那樣。

時機非常糟糕。Blackstone 的公告發布於週三私人市場股票普遍下跌的隔天,當時瑞士的 Partners Group 披露其正在限制旗下歐洲私人股權基金的贖回。Partners Group 週四進一步升級,警告其已準備好限制更多基金的贖回——並暗示贖回浪潮正從私人信貸轉移到私人股權。這種順序很重要:48 小時前看似孤立的信貸流動性問題,現在卻有擴大化的跡象。


第一季已是未被重視的警訊

BCRED 在第二季的贖回高峰並非空穴來風。根據 CNBC 的報導 ,第一季客戶贖回請求達到當時創紀錄的 7.9% ,約為 38 億美元。Blackstone 滿足了 第一季度的所有請求, 提高了其季度上限並動用員工資本來彌補短缺。該基金在此期間仍獲得了約 10 億美元的資金流入 , 但在批准所有贖回後,BCRED 在該季度出現了淨資本流出。

, 基本上是利用公司資源來滿足介於投資者希望贖回的金額與上限允許金額之間的全部贖回請求,這種做法可以贏得信任。但這也設定了一個先例,市場可能將此解讀為願意容納升高的贖回活動。第二季度的請求,目前為 10%, 甚至高於第一季度的高點。Blackstone 本次維持 5% 的上限,而不是再次提高。

今天早上在 YWO 交易櫃檯, BX 在 CNBC 消息傳出前就已在螢幕上。該股票週三已下跌約 4% , 與 Partners Group 的消息產生連動效應。到週四盤前交易時,已回升至上漲 1.6% — 部分回升表明,至少目前市場將 BCRED 的贖回限制視為已知且已反映在價格中的事件,而非新的衝擊。


「特徵,而非錯誤」 — 但投資者卻以行動表達不同看法

「這些產品設有贖回上限,這實際上是其特徵,而非錯誤。」 — Jon Gray, Blackstone 總裁, 於三月對 CNBC 表示。(CNBC)

Gray 的定調是經過深思熟慮的,而且在技術上是準確的——半流動性封閉式基金結構從來就不是為了像貨幣市場基金那樣運作。贖回限制之所以存在,正是因為底層的貸款和私募信貸資產無法像公開市場證券那樣快速變現。這種結構無法阻止投資者 的看法 將關閉贖回限制視為一個信心信號。

結構意圖和行為現實之間的這種差距,正是風險集中的地方。10% 的季度贖回率意味著在第二季度,BCRED 中約有十分之一的投資者希望退出。根據 CNBC的報導,BCRED 是首批報告第二季度贖回數據的主要半流動性私募信貸工具之一,這意味著該行業尚未有第二季度的同業比較數據。如果未來幾週其他非上市公司封閉式基金和區間基金也出現類似的數字,關於私募信貸流動性的敘事可能會變得更加嚴峻。


對私募基金的傳染路徑

Partners Group 的披露增加了一個超越私募信貸的維度。Blackstone 的 BCRED 限制是一個信貸事件。Partners Group 明確指出其蔓延至私募基金工具,這在結構上是不同的:私募基金資產的流動性甚至比私募信貸更差,通常鎖定多年,而「分母效應」——即公開市場拋售膨脹了機構資產負債表上對私募資產的百分比配置——可能會以一種難以通過季度限制來管理的方式加速贖回壓力。

對於上市的私募市場公司股票持有者—— BX以及整個另類資產管理領域的同行——可能重新定價該行業的問題不是個別基金是否擁有合法的合同限制。而是過去幾年推動半流動性產品熱潮的零售和機構渠道需求,在首批投資者發現「半流動性」產品在所有市場條件下可能無法提供即時流動性後,這種需求是否仍然完好。多資產投資組合中的應計另類投資敞口,如果贖回潮擴大,可能會面臨重新評估。那些在上市另類資產管理人中有集中頭寸的投資者,可能希望密切關注該行業第二季度的財報電話會議,以尋找分銷商情緒轉變的早期跡象。

對此的相反觀點是:Blackstone 在第一季度處理創紀錄的贖回事件——完全兌現,未披露信貸損失,資金流入仍達 10 億美元——表明該工具在沒有崩潰的情況下吸收了真正的壓力。第二季度關閉贖回限制是系統按文件記錄運行,而不是失敗。BX 週四盤前上漲 1.6%,至少反映了部分這種信貸。這種復甦能否持續到收盤,部分取決於在週五之前是否有其他主要私募信貸平台報告類似的第二季度高贖回數字。


風險免責聲明: 交易差價合約涉及重大風險,並可能導致您投資的資本損失。差價合約是複雜的工具,由於槓桿作用,其快速虧損的風險很高。您應考慮是否理解差價合約的運作方式以及您是否能承受損失資金的高風險。過去的表現並不預示未來的結果。本內容僅供參考和教育目的,不構成投資建議。

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