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大宗商品市场 作者 Fred Razak

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最后更新: Wed May 13 2026

IEA:自2月以来已损失1280万桶,市场仍在收紧

IEA:自2月以来已损失1280万桶,市场仍在收紧

石油市场并非在修正——而是在加剧。国际能源署(IEA)周三发布的5月报告显示,全球供应量在4月又下降了 180万桶/日,使自2月28日美以战争开始以来的总损失达到 1280万桶/日全球库存 正在以该机构称之为“ 创纪录的速度 ”的速度消耗,IEA的讯息很明确:动荡远未结束。

周三,布伦特原油期货价格接近 每桶107美元 ,WTI原油价格略高于 101美元。霍尔木兹海峡中断十周多以来,两大基准原油价格仍处于高位,市场正努力应对有史以来最大的石油市场供应冲击——这是摩根士丹利大宗商品策略师 Martijn Rats 在周一的报告中直接向客户提出的说法,称其“既不夸张也不具争议性”。


OPEC+无法填补的供应缺口

该卡特尔的回应是真实的,但不足以。OPEC+在5月3日同意将6月份的产量提高 18.8万桶/日 ——略低于5月份的增幅 20.6万桶/日,远低于霍尔木兹海峡中断所产生的月度损失, 据CNBC的Joseph Wilkins报道。使计算复杂化的是:阿联酋于5月1日正式退出OPEC,因此周日的产量数据完全不包括其份额。七个剩余成员国——沙特阿拉伯、俄罗斯、伊拉克、科威特、哈萨克斯坦、阿尔及利亚和阿曼——的产量有所增加,但账面上的缺口仍未弥合。

摩根士丹利估计,市场可能还会损失 10亿桶,时间跨度为2026年全年,这取决于重启油田、修复炼油厂和重新部署油轮船队所需的时间。这是一个结构性拖累,而非情绪性拖累。


需求正在崩溃,但不足以快速实现再平衡

IEA并未忽视需求端的破坏。该机构预测,到2026年底,全球需求将同比收缩 42万桶/日 ,降至 1.04亿桶/日。石化和航空业首先受到最严重的影响——这两个行业都高度依赖即期能源价格,且短期内替代能力有限。

对多头来说,问题在于,即使考虑到需求收缩,IEA仍预计到2026年底市场将出现 供应短缺 。供应损失不仅超过了OPEC+的增产幅度——它们甚至超过了需求破坏的幅度。这种组合使得在夏季需求高峰期,原油价格的结构性上涨趋势得以维持。


这对原油价格之外意味着什么

XLE,即美国能源行业ETF,在持续的供应驱动的反弹中,历史上一直与布伦特原油价格走势保持一致。这种关系在夏季是否会持续,可能取决于炼油厂利润率——尽管上游生产商受益于更高的实际售价,但高企的原油投入成本往往会挤压加工利润。

航空和工业类股,其燃料成本占比较大,是另一端的清晰传导渠道。IEA已将航空业列为受影响最严重的行业之一;WTI原油价格若进一步上涨至101美元以上,可能会加速运力削减和票价上涨,从而加剧消费者可支配支出压力。


终结涨势的情景

国际能源署警告的现实对策是,霍尔木兹海峡附近的停火或人道主义走廊安排比预期更快达成,这可能引发每桶107美元的布伦特原油价格中嵌入的地缘政治风险溢价迅速回落。商业和政府战略储备已在释放以弥补损失——如果这一速度显著加快,或者霍尔木兹海峡的通行部分恢复,库存消耗速度可能会比5月份的报告预期的更快。国际能源署自身的_需求萎缩预测_—— 日均42万桶 ——到年底,也为价格在摧毁足够需求以在较低水平重新平衡市场之前能达到的高度设定了一个活跃的上限。

目前,该机构对年底的供应缺口预测表明,这种情况尚未到来。


来源: CNBC — Joseph Wilkins,发布于2026-05-13T12:12:32+0000


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